Who needs drama to complicate your life when you are forced to read Immanuel Kant's
Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals and James Joyce's
Ulysses. Don't the concepts just scare you; you see metaphysics and freak. Well, I wasn't exactly forced to read these things, I did choose to take the classes.....or did I?
One of the major debates in philosophy is whether we have
free will and if moral rules can be derived from that. The concept of free will is crucial to Kant, because he bases his system of morality on that notion. He says that freedom allows us to reason, which allows for moral rules. Moral rules are the rational constraint placed on our will through our own will. I know, I am probably doing a horrible job of explaining, but you should just read the book. It's dense and hard to read, but it's worth it. Once you've conquered it (not that I have), you feel a lot more accomplished and intelligent. As I have to write a paper on this very topic, I have thought about this, and I come to side with Kant. Freedom does not imply lawlessness, he says, and I quite agree. In order to be truly free, we must be in control of our own actions. If we have unconstrained freedom, our actions come under control of randomness, which isn't true autonomy. But what if we don't have free will? Does Kantianism fall apart? Here is the more intriguing question.
Determinism seems to be very right, but it's still no debate for me. Free will always trumps because people must be responsible for their actions, and we must act under the assumption that we are free (which in a weird way makes us free, but that is for another long and complicated day) in order to believe in morality as a concept of right and wrong choices.
While I have a vague understanding of Kant (and that is really exaggerating it), almost everything in
Ulysses goes over my head. There are so many illusions and references in this book that it boggles my mind, and takes away from the transcendence of a novel that is supposed to be great. How I am supposed to know and understand the pop culture of early 20th century Ireland!? The only problem, no matter how much I read, there doesn't seem to be an end in sight. That's what I detest about epics: their length! They could say things a lot shorter, but of course we don't have enough grandiosenss and pretension in the world. I think the only thing I do understand about that book though is Leopold Bloom, who is the parallel to Odysseus in
The Iliad. He is probably the most grounded characters in the book, with a life of a loser. He is your everyman, really. He is the Homer Simpson of the 1900's...well that's a bit of a oversimplification, but you know what I mean. Yet, he seems so smart and level-headed. It's weird how much I hate a book, but yet I can relate to the main character of the book through his mundaness. Maybe that's why people think it's so great...I have yet to be sold!
Another issue that came up with me today was the role of doctors. I am currently taking a History of Scientific Medicine class with the great Dr. Sherwin Nuland (everyone should read his book
How We Die; morbid subject, but so important). We are currently studying a doctor, Rudolf Virchow, who was a champion of public health measures. He once said that, "Doctors are the perfect advocates for the poor." It sprung a debate in my class about doctors and their roles. Should they follow the Hippocratic Oath and just treat their patients, or should they take a more active role in promoting public health measures? I was surprised to see how many of my peers stated that they think that doctors should focus only on their patients alone. I cannot comprehend why anyone would take this position. Of course, not every doctor has to go out campaigning for public health issues, but the profession of doctors should care about the preventative benefits created by public health measures. Dr. Nuland said something today that I firmly believe in, that we, as a society, do a horrible job of preventing diseases. It is the weird phenomenon that my high school health teacher impressed upon us the very first day of class, that people, including doctors, know what is good and bad for them (for doctors, it's their patients as well) and yet they do not follow the information they know. For example, why does someone who knows that eating high fat food while not exercising will cause major health problems down the road not eat healthy to begin with? Why only eat the Quaker Oats after you already have high cholesterol? If doctors were more in your face as a group about preventative measures and promoting public health projects, I think we would have a little more response to the abundance of information out there to help prevent heart disease and cancer. I guess I am just too radical! But so was Virchow....
"The improvement of medicine would eventually prolong human life, but improvement of social conditions could achieve this result more rapidly and more successfully." -- Rudolf Virchow, 19th century doctor, 1821 - 1902.